Mariana of Austria (Maria Anna; 24 December 1634 – 16 May 1696) was Queen of Spain from 1649 to 1665 as the second spouse of her maternal uncle King Philip IV. At his death in 1665, Queen Mariana became regent for their son Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg, until his majority in 1675; due to his health, she remained an influential figure during his reign until her death. Her parents were Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Spain, the sister of Maria Anna's future husband, King Philip IV of Spain. Her grandfather Emperor Ferdinand II died when she was 3 and her father became Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III. Maria Anna, was the second of six children, three of which died in early childhood. Her oldest brother, Ferdinand IV of Hungary died young. Only Maria Anna and her younger brother, the future Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, lived to reach old age.

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