Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662) was an Austrian military commander, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1647 to 1656. Born at Wiener Neustadt, he was the youngest son of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616). His elder brother became Emperor Ferdinand III (1608–1657). Leopold Wilhelm served as a general in the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659). Even though Leopold Wilhelm lacked the canonical qualifications, he was invested, with the help of his father, with a number of prince-bishoprics in order to provide him with an income. Unqualified as he was, he officially only held the title administrator, nevertheless realising the full episcopal revenues, of the prince-bishoprics of Halberstadt (1628–1648), Passau (1625), Olmütz (1637) and Strasbourg (1626). He returned to Vienna after the situation in the Spanish Netherlands had deteriorated in 1656. In Vienna he was initially occupied with the administration of his various bishoprics, the Teutonic Order which he led as Grand Master and the family affairs of the imperial house. After the death of his elder brother Emperor Ferdinand III several electors put him forward for the position of Emperor. He died in Vienna in 1662.

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