Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (Eleonore Magdalene von Pfalz-Neuburg; 6 January 1655 – 19 January 1720) was a Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and last wife of Leopold I. She was the paternal grandmother of Empress Maria Theresa. Reputed to be one of the most educated and the virtuous women of her time (she translated the Bible from Latin to German), she took part in the political affairs during the reign of her husband and sons. Eleonore was born in Düsseldorf on the night of 6 January 1655, as the oldest of 17 children born from Philip William, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Jülich-Berg (since 1685 Elector Palatine) and his second wife Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt.

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